Although the MMPI-2 can provide a hypothesis about under-reporting psychopathology, only good diagnostic interviewing, document review, history, projectives, the DSM Defensive Functioning Scale and the PDM’s assessment of Mental Functioning (M Axis) can determine the meaning of the validity scales. The psychologist must then determine, how much is due to situational “state” variables, such as conscious impression management how much is due to “personality trait” variables such as neurotic level defenses such as repression, or borderline to psychotic level defenses such as denial. It would be understandable for them to “fake to look good.” The self-favorable validity scales become elevated in such situations. They wish to get or keep a position, or have use of a lethal weapon, have a favorable custody decision, adopt a child, have a medical procedure, etc. Today, the MMPI-2 is largely used on non-patient populations who are motivated to under report psychopathology. Originally, the MMPI was used to diagnose psychiatric inpatients.
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